Which physiological change is commonly associated with prolonged stress?

Prolonged stress is often associated with an increase in cortisol levels, which is a key hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress. Cortisol plays an essential role in the body's "fight or flight" response, helping to regulate various functions such as metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure. During stressful situations, cortisol helps to provide the body with energy by increasing glucose levels while also modulating other processes to prioritize immediate survival needs.

When stress continues over an extended period, persistently elevated cortisol levels can lead to several physiological changes including increased blood sugar levels, suppression of the immune system, and other effects that may contribute to health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. This understanding of cortisol's role underscores why increased cortisol levels are linked with prolonged stress, making this choice the correct answer in the context of the question.