Which of the following is a true statement regarding vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is characterized by several key clinical findings and implications that help in understanding its effects on the body. One significant outcome of vitamin B12 deficiency is peripheral neuropathy. This occurs because vitamin B12 plays an essential role in the maintenance of myelin, the protective sheath that surrounds nerves. When there is insufficient vitamin B12, this can lead to nerve damage, resulting in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and balance issues.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nuances of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. For instance, while dietary deficiencies can contribute to vitamin B12 deficiency, they are not as common as malabsorption issues, especially in older adults and those with certain medical conditions. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is typically increased in vitamin B12 deficiency anemia rather than decreased, indicating the presence of larger-than-normal red blood cells, a condition known as macrocytic anemia. Furthermore, treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency can often extend beyond dietary measures, especially in cases where absorption issues are present. For instance, some individuals may require vitamin B12 injections or high-dose oral supplements to effectively correct the deficiency.

Thus, understanding these aspects is key to recognizing the clinical relevance of vitamin B12 deficiency