Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for gallstone formation?

The assertion that male gender is not a risk factor for gallstone formation is accurate. While both men and women can develop gallstones, women are generally at a higher risk, especially due to hormonal factors related to estrogen, which can affect cholesterol levels and gallbladder motility.

In contrast, obesity, age (especially over 40), and pregnancy are established risk factors for gallstone formation. Obesity influences the composition of bile, leading to greater cholesterol saturation, which can promote gallstones. Age is a risk factor as the incidence of gallstones increases with age due to changes in bile composition and gallbladder function over time. Pregnancy can also increase gallstone risk due to hormonal changes and the effects of the enlarged uterus on the gallbladder, which may impair its ability to empty.

Understanding the pathophysiology of gallstone formation involves recognizing these risk factors and their implications in different populations, underscoring the importance of gender differences in gallbladder diseases.