What type of gene is primarily responsible for repairing damaged DNA?

The primary role of DNA repair genes is to identify and correct damaged DNA. These genes produce proteins that participate in various DNA repair processes to maintain genomic integrity. They play a crucial role in preventing mutations that could lead to cancer.

While tumor suppressor genes do contribute to DNA repair mechanisms, their primary function is to negatively regulate cell division, ensuring that cells do not proliferate uncontrollably. When tumor suppressor genes are functioning correctly, they help prevent the formation of tumors by promoting DNA repair and initiating apoptosis in cells that have sustained significant damage. However, stating that tumor suppressor genes are primarily responsible for repairing DNA oversimplifies their broader role in maintaining cell cycle control and inhibiting cancer development.

Thus, DNA repair genes are the most accurate choice as they specifically focus on fixing DNA damage directly, whereas tumor suppressor genes fulfill additional roles in regulating cell growth and preventing tumor formation.