What is the process called when cells become more specialized cell types?

The process when cells become more specialized cell types is known as cell differentiation. During differentiation, stem cells or undifferentiated cells undergo a series of changes that lead to the development of specific functions, structures, and characteristics that define their specialized roles within the body. This process is essential for normal development, growth, and tissue repair, allowing a single fertilized egg to develop into a multicellular organism with diverse cell types such as muscle, nerve, and blood cells, each designed to perform different functions.

Cell differentiation is guided by various factors, including gene expression, signaling pathways, and the cellular environment, ensuring that the right types of cells are produced at the right times and places during development. This specialization is crucial for the overall functioning of complex organisms, as it allows for the formation of various tissues and organs, each contributing to the organism's health and survival.