What is the primary consequence of diabetes mellitus on blood glucose levels?

The primary consequence of diabetes mellitus on blood glucose levels is characterized by high blood glucose levels, commonly referred to as hyperglycemia. This condition arises due to the body's inability to effectively utilize insulin, a hormone crucial for transporting glucose from the bloodstream into the cells for energy. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin, while in type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin's effects, leading to an accumulation of glucose in the blood. As a result, individuals with diabetes often experience chronic elevated blood sugar levels if not properly managed through lifestyle changes, medication, or insulin therapy. This sustained hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including cardiovascular diseases, nerve damage, kidney issues, and eye problems, underscoring the importance of effective management of blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes.